Теперішнiй досконалий продовжений час – The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense – теперішній досконалий продовжений час, описує дію, яка почалася в минулому, досі триває або тільки що закінчилася.
З цим часом часто вживаються такі обставини часу: for – протягом, since – з якогось часу, recently – недавно, днями, all morning/day/week – весь ранок/день/тиждень, lately – останнім часом.
Утворювання Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Розмовне речення – Subject + have/has + been + verb (-ing) + …
It has been raining all day long. I’m sick and tired of this weather. – Дощ іде весь день. Мене дістала ця погода.
Заперечне речення – Subject + have/has + not + been + verb (-ing) + …
He hasn’t been working all weekend. He is lying. – Він не працював усі вихідні. Він бреше.
Питальне речення – (Question word) + have/has + subject + been + verb (-ing) + …?
How long have you been dating him? – Як довго ти з ним зустрічаєшся?
Короткі відповіді
При відповіді на питання, що передбачає відповідь так чи ні, використовуються наступні шаблони:
Have they been sleeping? – Yes, they have. – (позитивна відповідь) – No, they have not. – (негативна відповідь)
Has he been training? – Yes, he has. – (позитивна відповідь) – No, he has not. – (негативна відповідь)
Вправа 1
Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
1. The vegetables (to boil) since 10 o’clock. 2. Helen (to wash) the dishes for fifteen minutes. 3. My brother (to stay) with us for three weeks, he hasn’t left yet. 4. She (to live) in this house for five years but she doesn’t know her neighbors. 5. He (to wait) for her answer for six months. 6. My classmates (to write) a dictation since the beginning of the lesson. 7. It (to rain) hard since morning, I can’t go for a walk. 8. The text is very difficult, the students (to translate) it since the lesson began. 9. My sister (to send) job applications for 3 months. 10. Sam (to drive) a car for five hours now. 11. How long you (to look) for her? It’s strange that you can find her nowhere.
Вправа 2
Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
1. I (to paint) the fence since morning but I haven’t finished it yet. 2. I (to try) to find my documents since last Sunday. 3. I (to look) for information on the subject since last Friday. 4. The sun is shining but the ground is wet because he (to water) the garden for a long time. 5. You (to talk) for almost an hour without stopping. 6. They (to learn) Japanese for a couple of years. 7. Molly (to paint) this picture for three days now. 8. She looks very tired. What she (to do)? 9. The boss is very angry, because his secretary (to type) the report for five hours. 10. Father (to drill) holes in the wall since noon. 11. The tourists (to do) the sightseeing since nine o’clock.
Вправа 3
Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
1. He is a good player, because he (to play) chess since he was five. 2. My brother (to play) computer games for 3 hours. 3. You (to work) as a computer programmer for more than fifteen years. 4. I (to listen) to you very carefully. 5. We can’t see paths in the garden, because it (to snow) heavily during the whole night. 6. The wind (to blow) since yesterday. 7. He (not to take) his medicine for the last week. 8. He (to write) his summary since the lecture began. 9. My grandfather (to collect) coins since he was a boy. 10. I (to buy) food here since I came to this town. 11. We (to save) the money for a holiday for a year. 12. Andy and Den (to discuss) the plans for their winter holidays for two hours now. 13. The states of the roads are very bad here, though they (to repair) them for the last few years.
Минулий досконалий продовжений час – The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense – минулий досконалий продовжений час описує дію, яка почалася в минулому, тривала якийсь період і закінчилася якраз до моменту мови про неї або все ще тривала при настанні іншої дії в минулому.
З цим часом часто вживаються такі обставини часу: for – протягом (далi йде кількість часу, наприклад, all morning, five years), before – перш ніж, since – з тих пір, як (після since йде конкретний час, дата або день тижня), how long – як довго (вживається в питальних реченнях), until/till – поки, до тих пір як, all morning, all day, all night long – весь ранок, весь день, всю ніч, by – до певного моменту (у минулому).
Утворювання Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Розмовне речення – Subject + had + been + verb (-ing) + …
He had been looking for a job for months before he got one. – Він шукав роботу місяцями, перш ніж знайшов її.
Заперечне речення – Subject + had + not + been + verb (-ing) + …
My sister hadn’t been waiting long at the airport when they announced about the delay of her flight. – Моя сестра не довго прочекала в аеропорту, коли оголосили про затримку її рейсу.
Питальне речення – (Question word) + had + subject + been + verb (-ing) + …?
How long had you been going out with David before you split up? – Як довго ви зустрічалися з Девідом, перш ніж розлучилися?
Короткі відповіді
При відповіді на питання, що передбачає відповідь так чи ні, використовуються наступні шаблони:
Had he been working since 4 o’clock yesterday in the garden? – Yes, he had. – (позитивна відповідь) – No, he had not. – (негативна відповідь)
Had they been writing an essay for two hours? – Yes, they had. – (позитивна відповідь) – No, they had not. – (негативна відповідь)
Вправа 4
Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Past Perfect Continuous.
1. My sister (to practise) for two months before that concert. 2. It (to snow) for five hours before the weather changed. 3. Where Robert (to work) since 4 o’clock yesterday? – He (to fix) a fence in the garden. 4. The boys (to fish) for three hours before Tom caught the first fish. 5. Betty and Jane (to argue
